GENERAL CONSIDRATION IN MACHINE DESIGN

General consideration in machine design :

Following are the general consideration in designing a machine components .

Types of load and stress caused by load :

        The load on machine components may act as several ways due to which the interval stress are step up . the various type of load and stress are discuss later.

Motion of the part of the machine :

    The successful operation of any machine depend largely upon the simplest arrangements of the parts which will be given the motion required .

Selection of the materiel :

 It is essential that a designer should have a through knowledge of the properties of the material and their behavior under working condition some of the important characters of material are strength , durability , flexibility ,weight , resistance to heat and corrosion , ability to cast , mach inability , electrical conductivity etc

Form and size of the part : 

  In order to design any machine parts for form and size it is necessary to known the force which the part must be sustain it is also important to anticipate any suddenly applied or impact load which may cause failer

Used of standard parts :

 The used  of standard parts is closely related to cost ., the standard of stock parts should be used whenever possible .

Cost of construction :

 It is the important consideration to be involved in designee a part .    

MACHINE DESIGN

Machine design :

The creation of new and better machines and improving the existing one . "or" A new or better machine is one which is more economical in the overall cost of production operation . In machine designing component it is necessary to have good knowledge of many subject such as mathematical , engineering mechanics , machines of material, theory of machine workshop process , engineering drawing and engineering material .

Classification of design :

Adaptive design :

        It is basically alteration( minor changes ) in the existing machine. This type of design needs no special knowledge or skill and can be attempted by designer of ordinary technical training.

Development design :

     It is basically the modification in the existing design. In this case through the designer starts from the existing design , but the final product may be differ quite markedly from the original product.

New design :

   This type of design need a lot of research, technical ability and creative thinking only those designer who have personality of a sufficiently high order can take up the work of a new design .     

MECHANICS OF MACHINE

MECHANICS OF MACHINE :

Branch of engineering science which deal with the study of relative motion between various parts of the machine .

STATICS :

A branch of mechanics of machine which deal with the force and there effect while the machine parts are at rest .

DYNAMICS :

A branch of mechanics of machine which deal with the forces and there effect while the machine parts are at motion .

KINEMATICS :

A branch of mechanics of machine which deal with the relative motion between the various parts of the machine without the forces applying to it .

KINETICS:

A branch of mechanics of machine which deal with deal with the inertia force which arrive from the combining effect of the mass and the motion of the machine .

MECHANISM  :

A MECHANISM is a device that transformer motion to some to some describe pattern and typically develop very low forces and transmitted little power a system of element arrange to transmitted motion in to predetermined fashion. example are umbrella , analog clock , folding chair.

MACHINE :

A machine typically contain mechanism that are designed to produce significant forces and transmitted significant power example robot , food blender etc .        

The Arc welding circuit

Arc welding :

  The electricity flows from the power sources, through the electrode and across the arc through the base material to the work lead back to the power source . arc welding is mostly commonly used to join two pieces of metals . The  welder create and electric arc that melt the base metal and filler metals together so that the all fuse into one solid piece of metal 

why welding is so important?

1)  Many thing around us are welded .

 2) pipelines that bring fresh water .

 3) Tower that Cary electricity to power houses .

 4 ) car and buses that carry people where the need to go.

BASIC STEP OF ARC WELDING :

1) prepare the base material remove the rust and paint.

2) chose the right welding process 

3) chose the right filler material . 

4) asses and comply with safety requirement. 

5) Use the proper welding techniques and be sure to protect the molten puddle from contaminates in the air .

Welding safety :    

 welding can be safety when sufficient measurement are take to protect your self and other from potential Hertz. student should read and under stand the following before welding  warning label and material safety date student should always be familiar with the following information safety in   the welding and cutting .